Camera history and information

 "The Camera"

1. The "camera obscura" effect basically means a dark room, and it was the the very first camera to be invented. What the philosophers did was take a dark room, and in one wall made a small hole. When they focused, whatever was outside the wall was shown on upside down on the wall opposite of the one with the hole.

2. Isacc Newton and Christian Huygens invented glass lenses in the 17th century, that helped us get another step closer to the modern camera we have today.

3. When Joseph Nicephore Niepce made the first camera, it included the glass lense by Newton and Huygens, a dark box, and film.

4. Just as the first cameras worked, modern cameras today let light through the lense, the light goes into the camera, and then exposes the film inside. Then, you have a photograph.

5. Digital cameras now use a CCD (electronic sensor), and when you take a photograph they are stored on the camera's memory card.



"Camera Modes"

6. On a camera,  Auto Mode lets the camera control the flash and the amount of exposure; Program Mode is mainly for just shooting photos, and and usually on Program Mode you can control the flash and some of the other settings.

7. Portrait Mode is used to take pictures of people, and will try to blur the background, to focus on the person.

8. Sports Mode can be used when trying to take a picture of something moving, not just sports. Say you want to take a picture of a from jumping, this setting will use the highest shutter speed so that in the picture it "freezes" time.


"Half Press" 

 9. Half press is a very useful tool when taking a picture. It helps to sorta "wake up" the camera, and get ready to take the picture. Half pressing the shoot button also helps to control the focus in the picture, and the camera will usually take the picture faster if you do a half press. A half press is just as it says, you push down the shoot button half way, wait til' it's the way you want, then press it down all the way to take the picture. 


"Controlling Flash" 

10. This means that the camera flash has been disabled and will not go off. You can use this when the lighting is already bright enough, or if there is a mirror or something reflective in the shot, and you don't want a glare.

11. This means that, if the camera feels the lighting is too dark, the flash will automatically go off. You could use this when you don't know whether or not you need the flash or not, so the camera will decide for you.


"Introduction to Exposure"

12. If there is too much light in your picture, it will look washed out.

13. If there is not enough light, the picture will look to dark, and sometimes depressing.


"The Universal Stop"

14. "Stop" is used to show a change in the brightness of light in the picture. So If you start will two bulbs, and add two more bulbs, that is one "stop".

15. The new planet is 2 stops brighter than Earth.

16. If there are four sons, that means the new planet is 4 stops brighter than Earth.


"Shutters and Aperture"

17. The longer the shutter speed is, the more light there is that is let in through the aperture.

18. The faster the shutter speed is, the amount of light let in through the aperture will go down, causing the picture to be darker.

19. The aperture controls the light that is let into the camera.

20. When you want to increase the amount of light, one way is to lower the number of the aperture, making the amount of space for light to pass through, larger, causing more light to pass through, and in turn making the lighting brighter.